Acanthocystis, Raphidocystis (centrohelid heliozoa; siliceous spine scales project at right angles to cell body); Heterophrys (centrohelid heliozoon; organic spicules project at right angles to cell body); Pinaciocystis, Pinaciophora (cristidiscoidid heliozoa; mitochondria with discoidal cristae; scales closely adherent to cell body, not associated with axopodia; centroplast absent); numerous heliozoan genera lack centroplasts, or, if centroplasts are present, scales are absent or do not form flat plates.

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